Dot Net Component: CLR and Com - Decom
By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Perjej_Munjal]Perjej Munjal
Dot Net have an important component that is CLR. No my point of view its not component, I think it provides runtime environment infrastructure to application. Lets take some overview of it.
First of all we need some source code that needed by CLS. It must be in CLS – complaint languages. Now the next step that comes is, CLS compiles the source code generate the Intermediate code (MSIL) and Meta Data.
The MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language) contains some instructions that relates to C.P.U. Just like how to load, store, initialize and call methods on objects. In MSIL instructions are also there just like perform arithmetic and logical operations, memory directly access, flow of execution, handle exception. Because before execution MSIL we need CPU specific instructions. And to execute the code, the runtime requires information about the code that is in metadata.
The Meta Data contains the types and references to other type which is helpful for our applications.
Both of these files located in a PE File(Portable Executable File). When we execute the P.E file the class loader loads the MSIL code and metadata from P.E file to runtime memory. Now works for code manager is covers in existence it call the entry point method. This is any of these three.
. Main
. WinMain
. DLLMain
Entry point is first method that is to be executed first. When entry point is execution code manages helps object to places him in memory and controls the execution in the program. Now garbage collector performs periodic checks on the heap to identity the object, type checker performs types checking. Type checker raise error if any occur. CLR controls the code at runtime. Now security engine performs restriction application. Now Managing Multithreading , Com Marshels performs there roles. Now JIT compiles perform there role and convert all thing to native code.
Pervej Munjal, writer of this article, is the main source who writes on [http://www.dotnetquestion.info]dot net questions and [http://www.dotnetquestion.info/dot_net/com_dcom.php]Com - Decom at dotnetquestion.info
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Application Development in dot net
By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Shakir_A.]Shakir A.
Dot net Application Development
Visual Studio.NET is an intelligent development tool that allows developing applications that target the .NET Framework. From a developer’s vista, .NET comprises of three things viz., the .NET Framework, the .NET Framework SDK, and the development environment. The tool is also used to create customized controls and components that can be used as a part of the application. Components are objects or the features that are used to construct, organize and test Visual Studio programs. The Toolbox window of the Visual Studio .NET IDE contains all the components. Components are considered as controls that are derived from the Control class and have a user interface. Some controls are combination of other controls and are derived from the UserControl. The UserControl objects and Form objects can be developed with the designer of the VS.NET IDE. A simple user interface can be designed by dragging and dropping controls from the Toolbox window and setting the property values and events in the Properties window. All the properties that are set are stored in a .resx file for the locale. The IDE then builds the satellite assemblies for each locale's .resx file in your project. The VS.NET IDE designer does not allow developing the user interface of a Control class; it only allows developing components and controls.
From the viewpoint of a good .NET developer, the below mentioned skills are very much essential for developing .NET applications.
.NET Developing Components:
Developing Controls: The vital fact about a control is that it has a visual element, but the visual representation of a class derived from Control is not allowed by the Windows Forms designer. Instead it shows the schematic representation of the components that the control uses while dragging from the Server Explorer or Toolbox window.
Resources and Internationalization: .NET and Win32 support a different model of resources. In Win32, resources are held in a section that is part of the portable executable (PE) file format and the resources are inlaid within this segment. But in the case of.NET, resources are part of an assembly, but they can be inlaid within the assembly or supplied as separate files.
Resources and .NET .NET has been designed with internationalization in mind. For example, let us consider of an application that has been downloaded from a trusted Web site and the Web site is in a locale different from yours. There are various applications that are created in their own locale. If the language is different from yours, it is obvious that the application has been localized to your locale and that the Web site gives you the option of downloading different localized versions. This scheme is typically used by Win32 applications.
Locales, Civilization, and Languages Naming conventions in .NET are defined in RFC 1766. Civilizations are generally named with the pattern xx-yy, where xx represents the language (en for English, fr for French) while yy represents the area where the language is used (AU for Australia, US for United States). The pattern en-US represents that English is spoken in the US. [http://www.koreone.com ]IT Staffing companies has gathered enormous openings for skilled .NET developers and provides extensive career growth.
Shakir A, independent writer for IT Staffing Services for technical and IT Professionals, Jobs, Business, Consultancy, Recruiting and latest trends in hiring industry at San Jose, California and near by city/ states. As of now she wrote for http://www.koreone.com
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Microsoft Business Portal for Dynamics GP implementation: Catch the Trend
By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Andrew_Karasev]Andrew Karasev
Microsoft Great Plains or recent name Dynamics GP has newly redesigned on Microsoft.Net & Sharepoint platform web interface – Microsoft Dynamics GP Business Portal. At this time BP host such web modules as Requisition Management (former eRequisition), Order Management (former eOrder), HR and Employee Self Service, Electronic Document Delivery (distributing SOP invoices to your customers) and others. We were watching closely earlier versions of Business Portal, in our opinion, version 2.5 was the one to consider conservative implementation, version 3.0 comes together with GP 9.0, now with GP 10.0 Microsoft delivers BP 10.0. in our opinion, which is non-official, former ASP eXXX products, such as eOrder and eRequisition were very solid and reliable and we saw large number of successful implementations. Now it is the time to move to Microsoft Dynamics GP Business Portal platform
• Licensing. At this time BP user license is cheaper than GP user license – it is about $50 per user for small number of users, we think BP is for mid-size and large businesses, however if you are small business and have strong IT team, you can go ahead as well
• .Net platform. This bullet is for clarification – Microsoft Dynamics project comes together with .Net progress. In some cases Microsoft puts technologies into the intra company competition: Microsoft Dexterity vs. C#, former project Green ERP modules unification (on the base of purchased Great Plains, Solomon, Navision, Axapta – later on this trend was kind of deemphasized). Business Portal is based on .Net platform, and as you may be aware, dot net is ASPX, versus former Microsoft ASP concept – this is why eXXX product line had to be rewritten
• From Microsoft Dexterity to BP. In our opinion, Business Portal enables the move from former Great Plains Dexterity programming to Microsoft Visual Studio C# programming, where developer will have complete control over GP objects and business processes workflow. Sometimes we hear counter opinions – something like the following: it is too difficult to detach GP from its Dexterity architecture – so the future might reveal complete GP redesign (where the name might be also dropped to stress generic Microsoft Dynamics ERP). Having said this, we believe that Business Portal trend is for the future and to proof its endurance
Andrew Karasev, Alba Spectrum Group, http://www.albaspectrum.com [mailto:help@albaspectrum.com]help@albaspectrum.com 1-866-528-0577, 1-630-961-5918, serving GP customers in Illinois: Chicago Downtown and suburbs: Elgin, Downers Grove, Lisle, Oakbrook, Lombard, Batavia, Oak Park, Hinsdale, Romeoville, Bolingbrook, Plainfield, North Aurora, Wheaton, Warrenville, St. Charles. With reasonable travel we serve downstate Illinois: Morris, Ottawa, LaSalle, DeKalb, Marseilles, Dixon, Sandwich, Hinckley, Rochelle, Sterling, Rock Falls, Rockford, Springfield, Normal, Bloomington, Peoria, Vandalia. Nationwide remote support service is available in USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Oceania: California, New York, Texas, Ontario, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, Iowa, New Jersey, Indiana
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DOT NET Frame Architecture
By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Adam_Sturo]Adam Sturo
The dot Net framework consists of two main component one of them is Dot Net framework class library and another is CLR. The dot Net framework class library common for all dot Net language .We can use this to develop different application such as console applications, windows and Web Forms and Web Services.
The CLR do some of the important task such as load the IL code of program at runtime. Compile the IL code in native code execute and manage code enforce security and type safety helps in thread support .The code that run in CLR is called unmanaged code. There is an layer which allow both manage code and unmanaged code to interoperate with each other.
The CLR is combination of various components which provides the runtime environment and runtime services for our application. These components loads the IL code into runtime environment and runtime service for our applications.
These components provide multiple task such as type safety and also provide automatic memory management and also helps in threading too. These components also play a sensitive role in exception manager. Some of these components which is generally asked in interview i.e dot net interview questions are as follow:
Class loader: its helps in loading class at runtime.
Security engine: as the name suggest its helps in security restrictions and enforces security.
Code manager: Its works is to manage the code during execution.
Type checker: Its helps CLR to do strict type checking.
COM Marshler: It helps dot Net application for exchange data with the COM applications.
Exception Manager: It provides a method to handle the runtime exceptions.
Base class library support: it provides the type which is required at runtime.
Garbage collector: Its performs the automatic memory management and treatment of objects.
MSIL: It converts MSIL to native code and then converts MSIL code into native code.
Adam Sturo provides you the best and latest [http://www.dotnetquestion.info/dot_net/sql_server.php]Sql Server Interview Questions and [http://www.dotnetquestion.info/dot_net/xml.php]Xml Interview Questions
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How the Web Works
By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Pallab_Kakoty]Pallab Kakoty
How the Web Works
Because you're taking this course and reading this lesson, it's a pretty safe assumption that you can get on the Web and move around with certain adeptness. To access any given web pages, we are most likely to use its web address which is technically called a URL (Uniform Resource Locator) and click on hyperlinks and graphics to move from one page to another. In general, the Web is a pretty seamless world; you often move from one Web site to another and may not know you have done so. If you want to add your Web page -- and eventually your Web site -- to this virtually seamless environment, you'll need to understand a bit about the workings behind the Web scenes.
Of Clients and Servers
Simply put, the Web is a gigantic network. What that means in geek-speak is that there are, in the most general terms, two roles that a computer can play on the Web: client or server. Anything else deliverable over the Web including documents, images, sound files is stored by the server and clients access those files. Occasionally, a computer can play both roles, but more often than not, a computer is one or the other.
For example, when you type the URL http://www.yahoo.com/home.html into your Web browser, your client is sending a request to the Yahoo Web server -- ( identified as http://www.yahoo.com) for a Web page called home.html. When the Web server receives your request for home.html, it looks to see if the Web page exists, and if it does, the server sends a copy to you so that you can view it in your browser. An error message is received to let you know that the page you wanted could not be found whenever the page does not exist on the server. Web Clients and could Web Servers communicate with one another through a system of requests and responses.
The Web would not work without clients and servers. The clients could access each of the web documents stored on the servers all over the world regardless of where the client or server is actually located. This means you can request pages from servers in Sydney, Australia, and Van Horn, Texas in the exact same way and receive responses from each server in the exact same way. In the end, Web surfing is nothing more than a Web client -- a.k.a. A series of web pages are being requested from the Web servers located all around by the Web Browser.
How Protocols Help Computers Communicate
All kinds of operating systems –- PCs, Macs and Unix to name just three -- is running all across the world and both clients and servers can be any kind of computer running any kind of operating system. You could be using a computer which is running on windows to serve you with a website and likewise one may surf the web with a Macintosh client. A Unix computer running Linux may serve the next Web page you view. The beauty of it all is that you, the user, don't know the difference. A Web page is a Web page, no matter what kind of computer it lives on.
A different kind of computers does not usually play well together and you know that most of the time it takes a bit of jumping through hoops to make them communicate. So why is it that the Web -- which is made up of all kinds of computers -- works so seamlessly? It's simple, really. All of the clients and servers on the Web speak a common language called the HTTP protocol.
Common Ground
A protocol is a set of rules two computers use to communicate with one another. A protocol called HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is spoken by both the Web browser and Web servers that carefully defines how Web pages are requested and received. It doesn't really matter which operating system is running for as long as both the browser and the server speak HTTP. The HTTP protocol is the common ground that allows them to communicate.
Different computers just could not work with each other and so without protocols, the web would not work at all. Although HTTP is the protocol for requesting and sending Web, there are other protocols as well at work on the Internet besides HTTP.
Putting It All Together
The HTTP protocol is written in HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) to request and send the actual web pages that clients and servers uses.
A Large amount of data can be stored on the server and the same serves if to hundreds of clients, often at the same time. A collection of web servers is actually what is used to respond to client request by web sites like Yahoo and Microsoft as they receive hundreds of thousands of hits everyday. It is not mandatory for the Web server to run the same kind of operating system which the Web clients is using whenever the Web pages are being requested. Protocols fill the communications gap between different kinds of computers and allow them to exchange Web pages simultaneously.
What This Means To You
You may be wondering why you should care about what goes on behind the scenes of the Web. In fact the web is designed in such a way that you don't need to care as a web surfer. To find a place to serve your web pages needs to be found by you as a web developer -- a Web server of some kind -- so that your users can request your pages using their Web browsers. Your Web pages can't be seen by the world unless they reside on a Web server that is hooked up to the Internet. Anyone with a Web client could access your web pages, once your pages are made available to a connected server(remember, that's a fancy name for a browser). For now, that's all you need to know about Web clients and servers. In a later lesson you'll learn more about finding a Web server home for your documents.
User Driven Modelling - Background Information
By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Peter_Hale]Peter Hale
Explanation of the Problem to be Addressed
Research Aim
This research arises out of work to create systems to facilitate management of design and cost related knowledge within those organisations, with the aim of using this knowledge to reduce the costs of manufacturing products. This thesis identifies ways that problems arising from the model development process can be addressed by a new way of providing for the creation of software. With experience from projects, which have used a combination of proprietary software solutions and bespoke software, it is possible to identify the approach of User Driven Programming (UDP). This research unites approaches of Object Orientation, the Semantic Web, and Relational Databases and event driven programming. The approach encourages much greater user involvement in software development.
Software development is time consuming and error prone because of the need to learn computer languages. If people could instruct a computer without this requirement they could concentrate all their effort on the problem to be solved. This is termed User Driven Programming (UDP) within this research, and for the examples demonstrated the term User Driven modelling (UDM) is used to explain the application of user driven programming to model development. This research aims to create software that enables people to program using visual metaphors. Users enter information in a diagram, which for these examples is tree based. The program translates this human readable representation into computer languages.
This research demonstrates how a taxonomy can be used to automatically produce software. This technique is most suitable at present to modelling, visualisation, and searching for information. The research explains the technique of User Driven Model Development that could be part of a wider approach of User Driven Programming. This approach involves the creation of a visual environment for software development, where modelling programs can be created without the requirement of the model developer to learn programming languages. The theory behind this approach is explained and also the main practical work in creation of this system. The basis of this approach is modelling of the software to be produced in Ontology systems such as Jena and Protégé.
The research applies this technique to aerospace engineering but it should be applicable to any subject.
Why a different approach is needed
User involvement is important in the development of software but a domain expert does not necessarily possess expertise in software development, and a software developer cannot have expertise in every domain to which software might apply. So it is important to make it possible for software to be created using methods as close as possible to that which the domain expert normally uses. The proportion of domain experts in a particular domain (aerospace engineering) for example who can develop their own programs is fairly low, but the proportion that are computer literate in the every day use of computers is much higher. If this computer literacy is harnessed to allow the domain experts to develop and share models, the productivity for software development will be increased and the proportion of misunderstandings between domain experts and developers reduced. The domain experts can then explore a problem they are trying to solve and produce code to solve it. The role of the developer would then become more that of a mentor and enabler rather than someone who has to translate all the ideas of the expert into code themselves.
User Driven Model Development
The intention of the research into User Driven Modelling (UDM) and more widely User Driven Programming (UDP) is to enable non-programmers to create software from a user interface that allows them to model a particular problem or scenario. This involves a user entering information visually in the from of a tree diagram. The research involves developing ways of automatically translating this information into program code in a variety of computer languages. This is very important and useful for many employees that have insufficient time to learn programming languages. To achieve this visual editors are used to create and edit taxonomies to be translated into code. To make this possible it is also important to examine visualisation, and visualisation techniques to create a human computer interface that allows non experts to create software.
The research mainly concentrates on using the above technique for modelling, searching and sorting. The technique should be usable for other types of program development. Research relevant to User Driven Programming in general is covered as this could be applied to the problem in future.
This research unites approaches of object orientation, the semantic web, relational databases, and event driven programming. Tim Berners-Lee defined the semantic web as 'a web of data that can be processed directly or indirectly by machines' http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/Weaving/Overview.html. The research examines ways of structuring information, and enabling processing and searching of the information to provide a modelling capability.
UDM could also help increase user involvement in software, by providing templates to enable non-programmers to develop modelling software for the purposes that interest them. If more users of software are involved in creation of software and the source of the code is open this allows for the creation of development communities that can share ideas and code and learn form each other. These communities could include both software experts, and domain experts who are much more able to attain the expertise to develop their own models than they are using current software languages. Vanguard are creating a modelling network where universities can share decision support models over a network http://wiki.vanguardsw.com/. We are creating a modelling network that will link to that of Vanguard http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/models.htm.
Criteria necessary for User Driven Model Development
This section explains the factors necessary to make the User Driven Model Development approach later outlined possible.
Firstly it is necessary to find a way for people with little programming expertise to use an alternative form of software creation that can later be translated into program code. The main approach taken was the use of visual metaphors to enable this creation process, although others may investigate a natural language approach. A translation method can then be provided that converts this representation into program code in a number of languages or into a Meta-language that can then be further translated. In order to achieve this it is necessary for the translator to understand and interpret equations that relate objects in the visual definition and obtain the results. In order for the user to understand the translation that has been performed it is then important to visualise the translated code and this must be accessible to others who use the translated implementation. Web pages are a useful mechanism for this as they are widely accessible.
I am a Researcher in the final year of my PhD. I specialise in applying Semantic Web techniques. My current research is on a technique of 'User Driven Modelling/Programming'. My intention is to enable non-programmers to create software from a user interface that allows them to model a particular problem or scenario. This involves a user entering information visually in the form of a tree diagram. I am attempting to develop ways of automatically translating this information into program code in a variety of computer languages. This is very important and useful for many employees that have insufficient time to learn programming languages. I am looking to research visualisation, and visualisation techniques to create a human computer interface that allows non experts to create software.
I am a member of the Institute for End User Computing - http://www.ieuc.org/home.html
My Home Page is http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~phale/
A web page for this article is at http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/EndUserHistory.htm
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Dot Net Remoting
By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Divyen_Patel]Divyen Patel
Today’s enterprise is equipped with array of business applications running across LAN, WAN and public internet. Applications domains cannot remain dispersed for business that demands ad hoc needs. It is now crucial for enterprises to lay these applications out of black box and allow them to communicate seamlessly with each other under distributed environment. There exist several technologies and platforms, which permit interprocess communication across network, and one amongst them is “The .NET Remoting”.
.NET Remoting provides generic framework and set of APIs for developing distributed application that allows different applications to communicate with one another. These applications can be located on the same machine, different machines on the same network or even machines across separate networks.
Numerous technologies permit interprocess communication. DCOM (Distributed COM), Web Services, .NET Remoting all fall under umbrella of Microsoft distributed computing. Both DCOM and Web Services have specific shortcomings that make “The .NET Remoting” a center of interest.
DCOM is restricted to computers of similar type on the same network as it relies on binary protocol. When internet connected world is to be approached, DCOM cannot bring in to play, as every object model does not support binary protocol. One more shortcoming of DCOM is that it works on range of ports that are generally blocked on firewall. Although you can configure firewall and open tons of port for DCOM to work well but in that, it decreases effectiveness of firewall and lot of security issues come up.
Web service a buzzing word, fall under .NET Remoting. Web service is the simplified programming model that allows application to exchange messages in a way that is platform independent, object model independent and programming language independent. Web service is restricted to HTTP protocol only where as .NET Remoting can work on range of protocols. Yet another shortcoming of Web service that put .NET Remoting ahead of it is that it is stateless, each request results in creation of new object, while .NET Remoting allows correlating multiple calls and maintaining state.
It is very difficult to provide ideal Remoting Framework that assures to meet need of most of the business applications. Microsoft has taken a key step in the right direction to improve .NET Remoting with framework 2.0.
One of the big new addition in “.NET Remoting” with Framework 2.0 is a new communication channel called IPC Channel, based on named pipe for cross process communications within the same machine. Previously developers had to depend on network stack, even though they need to communicate with processes on the same machine. In addition, security and restrictions have been applied to IPC Channel with an ACL to limit number of users accessing channel.
Another step up in “.NET Remoting” with framework 2.0 is the improved TCP channel. Security interface SSPI (Security Service Provider Interface) has added to TCP channel that requires window identity for authorization and thereby making it a secure remoting solution.
Strict nature of formatter has been a major problem starting from framework 1.0. It restricts only exact matches of types to be de-serialized on the receiving end. It enable type developers to modify and evolve their types over a time without failing to serialize between versions. This improvement is called “Version-tolerant serialization”
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